Saturday, March 30, 2013

Research Shows Children Born to Younger Mothers Live Longer

Greetings,

Recently  PensionCalculator.org    published a story about our new peer-reviewed article:

Biodemography of exceptional longevity:
Early-life and mid-life predictors of human longevity.
Biodemography and Social Biology, 2012, 58(1):14-39
DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2012.666121.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354762/

Full text of this story is published here:

www.pensioncalculator.org/24091/news/research-shows-children-born-to-younger-mothers-live-longer/

Here are some excerpts:

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Research Shows Children Born to Younger Mothers Live Longer
 28.3.2013,  A. Velasco

Researchers have found significant data supporting the “maternal age effect,” or the fact that the age at which a mother gives birth has an impact on their children’s longevity.

Dr Leonid Gavrilov, co-author of the study, told PensionCalculator.org: “Our study found that persons born to young mothers (aged less than 25 years) had significantly higher chances of living to 100, compared to their siblings born to older mothers.”


80 percent higher chance of living to 100

Because the research was conducted using a “within-family analysis,” or comparing the lifespans of children born to the same mother, Dr Gavrilov was confident in saying that the “maternal age effect is real, and is not related to differences between families.”

The scientist, who is the Principal Investigator of the NIH research project at NORC at the University of Chicago, went on to explain that “even at age 75 it still matters what was the mother’s age when a person was born: those born to young mothers have about 80% higher chances to live to 100.”

The team of researchers had to comb through thousands of family histories in order to find a few hundred that were reliable and viable for analysis. “Therefore we consider the results of this study as the beginning of a subsequent large-scale research effort with the promise of potentially breathtaking findings in the future,” said Dr Gavrilov.


Effects on our lives

Researchers say that probing into factors go into making one naturally long human life has the potential for lengthening all human life.

“People with exceptional longevity may represent particularly interesting outcomes of successful natural experiments on delaying human aging, and preventing age-related diseases,” said Dr Gavrilov. “Therefore, studies on centenarians could become a goldmine for unravelling the secrets of human longevity” by studying the “unintended natural experiments” going on in the bodies of the exceptionally long-lived.

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Friday, March 29, 2013

Press Release: Study links mother’s age at childbirth to longer life

Greetings,

Recently  Journalism.co.uk   published Press Release about our peer-reviewed study:

Biodemography of exceptional longevity:
 Early-life and mid-life predictors of human longevity.
Biodemography and Social Biology, 2012, 58(1):14-39
DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2012.666121.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354762/

Full text of this Press Release is published here:

http://www.journalism.co.uk/press-releases/study-links-mother-s-age-at-childbirth-to-longer-life/s66/a552525/

Here are some excerpts:

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Press Release

Study links mother’s age at childbirth to longer life

In what could be an important step towards delaying human aging and preventing age-related diseases, researchers have found a link between a person’s longevity and the age at which their mothers gave birth
Posted: 27 March 2013

Dr Leonid Gavrilov, co-author of the study and Principal Investigator of the NIH research project at NORC at the University of Chicago, said of the findings: "Our study found that persons born to young mothers (aged less than 25 years) had significantly higher chances of living to 100, compared to their siblings born to older mothers."

He went on to say that "even at age 75 years it still matters what was the mother's age when a person was born," as people born to mothers under the age of 25 have nearly an 80% higher likelihood to live to 100.

The study was conducted "using a within-family analysis," Dr Gavrilov explained, which means that "maternal age effect is real, and is not related to differences between families." As the study combed through thousands of family histories in order to get to "just a few hundred reliable records and some meaningful findings," Dr Gavrilov explained that the study, while significant in finding that the maternal age effect is real, is only the beginning. "We consider the results of this study as the beginning of a subsequent large-scale research effort with the promise of potentially breathtaking findings in the future."

Why study family medical histories, or try to find out what makes a person likely to live longer? The scientist explained: "People with exceptional longevity may represent particularly interesting outcomes of successful natural experiments on delaying human ageing and preventing age-related diseases. Therefore, studies on centenarians could become a goldmine for unravelling the secrets of human longevity."

In short, by studying the "unintended natural experiments" going on in the bodies of over-100s, the scientists could find out how to prevent diseases and extend the length of the healthy human life.

Related peer-reviewed study: 
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354762/

Sunday, March 10, 2013

Our Upcoming Lecture in Chicago, March 20

Greetings,

We are pleased to alert you about our upcoming presentation, which will take place in Chicago, on Wednesday, March 20:

U.S. Mortality at Advanced Ages: Cohort Analysis [Lecture at Chicago Actuarial Association Workshop]
http://chicagoactuarialassociation.org/future_events.html 

 When:  Wednesday, March 20 at 4:15 pm, Session C1
Where:  Holiday Inn Chicago Mart Plaza, 14th Floor Conference Center,  350 W Mart Center Dr, Chicago 60654
Related peer-reviewed study:
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269912/

This lecture will be about our recent findings featured by Chicago Sun-TimesChronicle of Higher EducationDaily HeraldDiscovery NewsReutersScripps Howard NewsU.S. News & World ReportUnited Press International, UPIWall Street Journal, and  Wall Street Journal BlogYou can retrieve the full text of these stories by clicking on any of these links.

Feel free to alert your friends and colleagues about this upcoming event.

Registration is opened here:
http://registerws.ChicagoActuarialAssociation.org

Hope to see you there!

Thank you,

-- Leonid  and  Natalia
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-- Leonid Gavrilov, Ph.D., GSA Fellow
-- Natalia Gavrilova, Ph.D., GSA Fellow
Center on Aging, NORC at the University of Chicago
Website: http://longevity-science.org/
Blog: http://longevity-science.blogspot.com/

Thursday, March 07, 2013

Testing Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity

 Greetings,

We are pleased to share with you the abstract of our invited lecture 'Testing Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity',  given at the Seminar of the University of Southern California (USC) Longevity Institute, on Friday, March 1, 2013  in Los Angeles (see below).

Comments and suggestions are most welcome!  We would be delighted to present our new  research findings at your organization too, if you like.  Fell free to contact us, if you are interested.

Kind regards,

-- Leonid  and  Natalia

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-- Leonid Gavrilov, Ph.D., GSA Fellow
-- Natalia Gavrilova, Ph.D., GSA Fellow
Center on Aging, NORC at the University of Chicago
Website: http://longevity-science.org/
Blog: http://longevity-science.blogspot.com/

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Seminar at the University of Southern California Longevity Institute, Friday, March 1, 2013 at 3 pm, Conference Room 'Gerontology 224', 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089  

Testing Evolutionary Theories of Aging and Longevity

Leonid Gavrilov, Ph.D., GSA Fellow, and Natalia Gavrilova, Ph.D., GSA Fellow
Center on Aging, NORC at the University of Chicago, e-mail: gavrilov@longevity-science.org

This talk will focus on testing the predictions of evolutionary theories of aging and longevity with human population data.  The presentation will discuss the following ideas and findings:

       (1)  Opponents of programmed aging often argue that there is a too high variation in timing of aging-related outcomes, compared to much smaller variation in timing of programmed developmental outcomes (such as age of sexual maturation).  In other words, aging just does not have an expected clock-wise accuracy, which is anticipated for programmed events.
       To test the validity of this argument we compared relative variability (coefficient of variation) for parameters that are believed to be determined by the developmental program (age at sexual maturity) with variability of characteristic related to aging (age at menopause).  We used information on the ages at sexual maturation (menarche) and menopause from the nationally representative survey of the adult population of the United States (MIDUS study) as well as published data for 14 countries. We found that coefficients of variation are in the range of 8-13% for age at menarche, 7-11% for age at menopause. Thus, the relative variability for the age at menopause is surprisingly the same as for the age at menarche [1].

         (2)  Many evolutionary biologists believe that aging can be readily understood in terms of the declining force of selection pressure with age.  At extremely old postreproductive ages when the force of natural selection reaches a zero plateau, some evolutionary biologists ( i.e. Michael Rose) believe that the mortality plateau should also be observed (no further increase in mortality rates with age).  To test the validity of this argument we analyzed the data for humans, rats and mice.  We found that mortality rates increase exponentially with age (the Gompertz law), and no expected late-life mortality plateaus are observed [2]. 
         Late-life mortality deceleration and mortality plateau reported in some earlier studies may be related to problems with data quality and biased estimates of hazard rates at extreme old ages.  It seems unreasonable to explain aging (Gompertz law of mortality) by declining force of natural selection, because aging continues at the same pace at extremely old postreproductive ages when the force of natural selection already reaches a zero plateau.

         (3) One of the predictions of the disposable soma theory and the antagonistic pleiotropy theory is that exceptional longevity should come with the price of impaired fertility (longevity-fertility trade-off ).  This prediction seemed to be confirmed by a high profile study published by Nature by Westendorp and Kirkwood (1998), which claimed that almost half of long lived women were childless.  However our careful re-evaluation of the study found that it used very incomplete genealogical data, so that many allegedly childless women in fact did have children.  After data cleaning, we found that there is no expected increase in childlessness of longer-lived women [3-5].

To summarize, we found that some predictions of evolutionary theories of aging are not confirmed with existing data, however these theories, including the theory of programmed aging suggest fruitful avenues for biological and perhaps even medical research


References

1. Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA, Severin FF, Skulachev VP. Testing predictions of the programmed and stochastic theories of aging: comparison of variation in age at death, menopause, and sexual maturation. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2012 Jul;77(7):754-60. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912070085.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22817539

2. Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. Mortality measurement at advanced ages: A study of the Social Security Administration Death Master File. North American Actuarial Journal, 2011, 15(3): 432-447.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269912/

3. Gavrilova, N.S., Gavrilov, L.A. Human longevity and reproduction: An evolutionary perspective. In: Voland, E.; Chasiotis, A. & Schiefenhoevel, W. (eds.). Grandmotherhood - The Evolutionary Significance of the Second Half of Female Life. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005, 59-80.  http://longevity-science.org/Reproduction-2005.pdf

4. Gavrilova NS, Gavrilov LA, Semyonova VG, Evdokushkina GN. Does exceptional human longevity come with high cost of infertility? Testing the evolutionary theories of agingAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004, 1019: 513-517.  http://longevity-science.org/Evolution-ANYAS-2004.pdf

5. Gavrilov, L.A., Gavrilova, N.S. Evolutionary theories of aging and longevityThe Scientific World JOURNAL, 2002, 2: 339-356. http://longevity-science.org/Evolution.htm and http://longevity-science.org/Evolution.pdf

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